Impacts of Coastal SST Variability on the East Asian Summer Monsoon   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄安宁  张耀存  高新房 《大气科学进展》2007,24(2):259-270

The impacts of the seasonal and interannual SST variability in the East Asia coastal regions （EACRSST） on the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） have been examined using a regional climate model （PδRCM9） in this paper. The simulation results show that the correlation between the EACRSST and the EASM is strengthened after the mid-1970s and also the variability of the EACRSST forcing becomes much more important to the EASM interannual variability after the mid-1970s. The impacts of the EACRSST on the summer precipitation over each sub-region in the EASM region become weak gradually from south to north, and the temporal evolution features of the summer precipitation differences over North and Northeast China agree well with those of the index of EASM （IEASM） differences.
The mechanism analyses show that different EACRSST forcings result in the differences of sensible and latent heat flux exchanges at the air-sea interface, which alter the heating rate of the atmosphere. The heating rate differences induce low level air temperature differences over East Asia, resulting in the differences of the land-sea thermal contrast （LSTC） which lead to 850 hPa geopotential height changes. When the 850 hPa geopotential height increases over the East Asian continent and decreases over the coast of East China and the adjacent oceans during the weakening period of weakens consequently. On the contrary, the EASM enhances during the strengthening period of the LSTC.  相似文献   

洪涝统计方法探讨          下载免费PDF全文

杨琳  刘东华 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(B09):32-34

利用深圳气象台1953--2005年的雨量资料，对洪涝的两种统计方法进行了对比分析，并引出了更为科学和合理的“任意连续10d／20d雨量统计洪涝的方法”。通过检验，该方法能够较准确地反映洪涝灾害的实际情况。  相似文献   

印度洋海表温度主模态及其与亚洲夏季季风的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨明珠  丁一汇  李维京  毛恒青 《气象学报》2007,65(4):527-536

分析了印度洋SST主模态的时空特征,并探讨其对亚洲夏季季风的影响,结果表明:印度洋SST主模态的主要特征为整个海盆一致的增温趋势,主要具有准3 a和准11 a周期,在1976/1977年和1997/1998年分别具有两次年代际显著增温。印度洋SST主模态与中国雨区夏季降水有很好的关系,其增温趋势与华北、东北南部、华南东部和西南西部降水减少,长江中下游地区、东北北部和西北地区降水增多具有很好的关系,并与长江中下游梅雨雨量具有较好的正相关关系;其变化趋势对亚洲夏季季风系统具有显著影响,在高空,使南亚高压、高原南侧的高空东风以及从南海、东南亚至西南印度洋的高空越赤道气流减弱,但增强10°—20°N、40°—110°E的北风;在中层,使西北太平洋副热带高压强度偏强,面积偏大;在低层,增强索马里越赤道气流,但却削弱印度夏季季风低层环流,并且在加强东亚地区的低层南风在中国长江中下游地区及其以南地区的同时减弱华北地区的低层西南风;地面,使亚洲大陆的气压升高;与对流层整层垂直积分水汽输送通量的相关分布与低层环流的相似。因此,印度洋SST主模态的上升趋势是亚洲夏季季风趋于减弱和中国雨带南移的一个原因。  相似文献   

Effects of mesoscale sea-surface temperature fronts on the marine atmospheric boundary layer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric D. Skyllingstad  Dean Vickers  Larry Mahrt  Roger Samelson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(2):219-237

A numerical modelling study is presented focusing on the effects of mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) variability on surface fluxes and the marine atmospheric boundary-layer structure. A basic scenario is examined having two regions of SST anomaly with alternating warm/cold or cold/warm water regions. Conditions upstream from the anomaly region have SST values equal to the ambient atmosphere temperature, creating an upstream neutrally stratified boundary layer. Downstream from the anomaly region the SST is also set to the ambient atmosphere value. When the warm anomaly is upstream from the cold anomaly, the downstream boundary layer exhibits a more complex structure because of convective forcing and mixed layer deepening upstream from the cold anomaly. An internal boundary layer forms over the cold anomaly in this case, generating two distinct layers over the downstream region. When the cold anomaly is upstream from the warm anomaly, mixing over the warm anomaly quickly destroys the shallow cold layer, yielding a more uniform downstream boundary-layer vertical structure compared with the warm-to- cold case. Analysis of the momentum budget indicates that turbulent momentum flux divergence dominates the velocity field tendency, with pressure forcing accounting for only about 20% of the changes in momentum. Parameterization of surface fluxes and boundary-layer structure at these scales would be very difficult because of their dependence on subgrid-scale SST spatial order. Simulations of similar flow over smaller scale fronts (<5 km) suggest that small-scale SST variability might be parameterized in mesoscale models by relating the effective heat flux to the strength of the SST variance.  相似文献   

The Impact Cooling of the Storm-Induced SST on Hurricane Intensity     

Tong ZHU Da-Lin ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):14-22

The effects of storm-induced sea surface temperature （SST） cooling on hurricane intensity are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie （1998）. Two sensitivity simulations are performed in which the storm-induced cooling is either ignored or shifted close to the modeled storm track. Results show marked sensitivity of the model-simulated storm intensity to the magnitude and relative position with respect to the hurricane track. It is shown that incorporation of the storm-induced cooling, with an average value of 1.3℃, causes a 25-hPa weakening of the hurricane, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. Shifting the SST cooling close to the storm track generates the weakest storm, accounting for about 47% reduction in the storm intensity. It is found that the storm intensity changes are well correlated with the air-sea temperature difference. The results have important implications for the use of coupled hurricane-ocean models for numerical prediction of tropical cyclones.  相似文献   

梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17  

宗海锋  张庆云  陈烈庭 《大气科学》2006,30(6):1189-1197

利用1961～2000年中国台站降水资料、 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及扩展重建海平面温度 (Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperatures, ERSST) 资料, 采用EOF、小波变换、合成及相关方法探讨中国东部梅雨期降水的时空变化及其环流、水汽输送和海温异常特征.分析指出中国东部梅雨期 (6月11日～7月10日) 降水存在三种主要空间型: 江南北部多雨型、长江流域多雨型和江淮平原多雨型.三种降水型都存在多时间尺度特征, 由于年际和年代际振荡的周期和强度随时间的变化有不同表现, 三种雨型旱涝年出现的年份有所不同.三种雨型对应的东亚夏季风环流各子系统的强度、位置、水汽输送等也存在明显差异.梅雨期三种雨型与冬季海温的研究表明:赤道东太平洋海温偏高有利于出现江南北部降水型; 赤道印度洋、南海和西太平洋黑潮海温偏高有利于出现长江流域降水型; 北太平洋中纬度海温偏高则有利于出现江淮平原降水型.  相似文献   

中国夏季降水对南印度洋偶极子的响应研究   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11  

杨明珠  丁一汇 《大气科学》2007,31(4):685-694

分析了春季印度洋海表温度（SST）与中国160个站夏季降水的关系，得到:印度洋全海盆的增温趋势与我国夏季降水的气候线性变化趋势是十分一致的。另外，热带外南印度洋出现西南印度洋为正（负）、其东北部出现（负）正海温异常的分布模态时，定义为正（负）南印度洋偶极子PSIOD（NSIOD）事件。SIOD事件对中国夏季降水具有重要影响，PSIOD年，5月份中国江南和西南以及长江中下游的降水偏多；6～8月份华北、东北区域、长江中游以及华南地区降水增多，华南与华北之间的区域降水偏少，即主要为两条雨带的分布。NSIOD年，5月份中国大部降水偏少； 6～8月中国西南、江南地区以及黄淮地区降水偏多。不同时段SIOD所起的作用是不同的，5月，SIOD主要通过改变马斯克林局地环流的变化，影响印度洋低层越赤道的水汽通量输送；6～8月，通过改变海洋大陆下垫面SST热状态，改变其上空对流强度以及水汽输送方向，并间接影响西北太平洋副热带高压的强度和南北位置，进而对中国雨带的分布产生影响。  相似文献   

川渝地区夏季旱涝与海温异常浅析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

鲍媛媛  康志明  金荣花  李峰 《气象》2007,33(5):89-93

利用1951—2006年6—8月降水资料计算了川渝地区旱涝指数Z指数,确定出该区域旱涝等级及其对应年份,分析这一带历年旱涝情况及年际变化特征,并用相关和合成分析法分析旱涝与海温的关系。结果表明,1950年代末至1970年代前期,这一带地区以旱为主,3个重旱年有2年出现在这个时段内;1970年代末至2003年,旱涝年均有,但以涝为主,2006年则出现了1951年以来最旱的年份。旱涝指数与SST的相关分析显示Z指数与前期SST,特别是1—3月SST有较好的相关关系,Z指数与赤道中东太平洋SST显著正相关。重涝年赤道中东太平洋广大海域SST呈明显的正距平,而重旱年则为大范围SST负距平。2006年1—3月赤道中东太平洋海温呈明显负距平、南太平洋20°S以南到40°S之间海域海温呈显著正距平有利于川渝地区出现严重干旱。  相似文献   

Experimental Seasonal Forecast of Monsoon 2005 Using T170L42 AGCM on PARAM Padma     

J. Venkata Ratnam  D. R. Sikka  Akshara Kaginalkar  Amit Kesarkar  N. Jyothi  Sudipta Banerjee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1641-1665

As a part of the Experimental Extended Range Monsoon Prediction Experiment, ensemble mode seasonal runs for the monsoon season of 2005 were made using the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), T170L42 AGCM. The seasonal runs were made using six initial atmospheric conditions based on the NCEP operational analysis and with forecast monthly sea-surface temperature (SST) of the NCEP Coupled forecast system (CFS). These simulations were carried out on the PARAM Padma supercomputer of Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), India. The model climatology was prepared by integrating the model for ten years using climatological SST as the lower boundary. The climatology of the model compares well with the observed, in terms of the spatial distribution of rainfall over the Indian land mass. The model-simulated rainfall compares well with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) estimates for the 2005 monsoon season. Compared to the model climatology (7.81 mm/day), the model had simulated a normal rainfall (7.75 mm/day) for the year 2005 which is in agreement with the observations (99% of long-term mean). However, the model could not capture the observed increase in September rainfall from that of a low value in August 2005. The circulation patterns simulated by the model are also comparable to the observed patterns. The ensemble mean onset is found to be nearer to the observed onset date within one pentad.  相似文献   

河南省冬小麦干旱规律分析     

成林  刘荣花  申双和  李树岩 《河南气象》2007,(4)

根据河南省104个气象站1957 2000年降水量资料,以冬小麦全生育期降水负距平(%)为干旱指标,提取不同等级干旱的资料矩阵进行经验正交函数分解,并取主要模态特征向量值和时间系数进行分析,结果表明:河南省冬小麦干旱以轻旱和中旱为主要特征,40余年轻旱、中旱发生频率达59.71%和32.24%;各等级干旱的空间分布均表现为豫北、豫东以及豫西北的部分地区是干旱频发区,而豫西南和豫南地区则是干旱低发区;干旱的时间变化呈波峰波谷交替的振动形式,大规模轻旱2~3 a一遇,中旱3~4 a一遇,重旱约10 a一遇。降水负距平(%)平均值的分布特征可从总体上体现干旱的时空变化规律。  相似文献